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He later renounced Hinduism , converted to Buddhism and inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement. After graduating from Elphinstone College , University of Bombay , Ambedkar studied economics at Columbia University and the London School of Economics , receiving doctorates in and , respectively, and was among a handful of Indian students to have done so at either institution in the s.

In his early career, he was an economist, professor, and lawyer. His later life was marked by his political activities; he became involved in campaigning and negotiations for partition , publishing journals, advocating political rights and social freedom for Dalits , and contributing to the establishment of the state of India. In , he converted to Buddhism , initiating mass conversions of Dalits.

In , the Bharat Ratna , India's highest civilian award, was posthumously conferred on Ambedkar. The salutation Jai Bhim lit. Ambedkar was born on 14 April in the town and military cantonment of Mhow now officially known as Dr Ambedkar Nagar, Madhya Pradesh. Ambedkar's ancestors had long worked for the army of the British East India Company , and his father served in the British Indian Army at the Mhow cantonment.

Ambedkar was born into a Mahar dalit caste, who were treated as untouchables and subjected to socio-economic discrimination. They were not allowed to sit inside the class. When they needed to drink water, someone from a higher caste had to pour that water from a height as they were not allowed to touch either the water or the vessel that contained it.