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Mao Zedong [ a ] 26 December — 9 September , also known as Chairman Mao , was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China PRC and led the country from its establishment in until his death in Mao served as the chairman of the Chinese Communist Party CCP from until his death, and as the party's de facto leader from His theories, which he advocated as a Chinese adaptation of Marxism—Leninism , are known as Maoism.

Born to a peasant family in Shaoshan , Hunan, Mao was influenced early in his life by the events of the Revolution and May Fourth Movement of , supporting Chinese nationalism and anti-imperialism.

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He adopted Marxism—Leninism while working as a librarian at Peking University , and in became a founding member of the Chinese Communist Party. He helped establish the Chinese Red Army and developed a strategy of guerilla warfare. Mao's forces defeated the Nationalist government , which withdrew to Taiwan in He initiated land redistribution and industrialisation campaigns, suppressed political opponents , intervened in the Korean War , and began the ideological Hundred Flowers and Anti-Rightist Campaigns.

In , Mao launched the Great Leap Forward , which aimed to transform China's economy from agrarian to industrial ; it resulted in the Great Chinese Famine. In , he initiated the Cultural Revolution , a campaign to remove "counter-revolutionary" elements marked by violent class struggle , destruction of historical artifacts, and Mao's cult of personality.

From the late s, Mao's foreign policy was dominated by a political split with the Soviet Union , and during the s he began establishing relations with the United States ; China was also involved in the Vietnam War and Cambodian Civil War. In , Mao died after suffering a series of heart attacks.